Dermatologists are medical doctors who diagnose and treat conditions affecting the skin, hair, and nails. A significant part of their work involves monitoring skin health and addressing abnormalities. When it comes to skin cancer, the field of dermatology plays a specific role in the process, from initial detection through treatment. Here is how a dermatologist approaches skin cancer treatment to improve outcomes:
Detecting Cancer Early
The first step in addressing skin cancer is detection. Dermatologists are typically trained to spot subtle changes in the skin that might go unnoticed. During a skin examination, a dermatologist can check your entire body for unusual moles, growths, or lesions.
They may use tools like a dermatoscope, a magnifying device that allows them to see pigmented structures. This detailed view helps them evaluate spots for characteristics associated with skin cancer. This may include asymmetry, irregular borders, varied color, and evolving size or shape. Regular skin checks with a dermatologist lead to the early identification of suspicious growths, which is a key part of managing skin health.
Identifying Cancer Type
If a dermatologist finds a suspicious lesion, the next step is typically a biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure where a small sample of the affected skin tissue is removed and sent to a laboratory for analysis by a pathologist. This analysis confirms whether cancer cells are present. If so, it can identify the specific type of skin cancer. Typical forms of skin cancer include:
- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC): This is a standard type of skin cancer.
- Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC): This is another standard type of cancer found on the surface of the skin.
- Melanoma: A rare but aggressive form of skin cancer.
Correctly identifying the type of cancer is fundamental. Each type has different characteristics and growth patterns, which directly influence the recommended course of action and follow-up care.
Determining Treatment Route
Once the skin cancer type and stage are confirmed, the dermatologist can determines a suitable treatment plan. This decision is based on several factors, including the type of cancer, its size and location, its depth, and your overall health. The dermatologist may discuss the available treatment options with you. The goal is to select an approach that effectively removes the cancerous cells while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible.
Providing Adequate Care
Specialists in dermatology are equipped to perform various procedures to treat skin cancer in their offices. The chosen method depends on the specific diagnosis. Some common treatments include:
- Mohs surgery: This specialized surgical procedure involves removing the visible cancer and then excising thin layers of surrounding skin one at a time. Each layer is immediately examined under a microscope until no cancer cells remain. This technique is used for cancers in sensitive or cosmetically visible areas, such as the face.
- Curettage and electrodesiccation: This procedure involves scraping away the cancerous tissue with a spoon-shaped instrument and then using an electric needle to treat the area and stop bleeding.
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT): In PDT, a light-sensitizing medication is applied to the skin. After a period, the area is exposed to a specific wavelength of light, which activates the medication and destroys the abnormal cells.
- Cryotherapy: This treatment uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and destroy cancerous cells.
Visit a Dermatology Clinic
Regular skin examinations are a practical step in monitoring your skin’s health. A dermatologist has the training and tools to identify, diagnose, and treat conditions that may not be visible to the naked eye. If you have concerns about a new or changing spot on your skin, schedule an appointment with a dermatology clinic for an evaluation.